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Powered by iPleaders. The digital applications also helped to prevent the spreading of inaccurate information known as rumors and fake news as well as profiteering. The media channel was also very responsive in updating the public about the pandemic in other countries to raise public awareness about the seriousness of COVID Responding to the situation, many firms and influential individuals contributed to providing medical facilities and accommodation that helped to streamline the campaign.
Some hotels also devoted rooms to be quarantine centers to solve the problems caused by a shortage of accommodation Tran and Michael Besides the prompt response and detailed actions for being less of a burden on the healthcare and medical systems, the Vietnamese government had solutions for mitigating damages to the economy in both the medium and long term.
To maintain the percentage of growth, the government introduced a number of measures, namely the deferral of taxes and charges, additional financial support for the most vulnerable and tax credit incentives. The Vietnamese government also showed their compassion to students living abroad and Vietnamese who had been infected seriously while living in other countries and regions worldwide, by welcoming them home. These people were sent to institutional quarantine and had their health looked after by military and medical staff.
With limited capacities in infrastructure facilities, quarantine centers were usually dormitories located in suburban areas next to big cities. Despite many strategies for preventing the spread of the pandemic and its impacts on the economic growth, the tourism and hospitality industry was the most severely affected. In the first 3 months of , the General Statistics Office reported a drop of Many tourism firms have had to switch to a hibernation mode due to canceled travel plans. Small and large hotels have also shut down which has caused food and beverage sectors to be impacted negatively as a result.
A large number of employees in these sectors have lost their jobs and considered starting their careers in other paths to resolve their financial difficulties, which may worsen the situation of the human resource shortage for the tourism and hospitality industry in the long term. Many mid-range and luxurious hotels and resorts volunteered to be quarantine service centers in order to respond to the shortage of facilities, service staff, and accommodation for quarantine.
This proposal can be considered beneficial for all parties. Pressure could be lessened for the healthcare system; demand for more comfortable accommodation with better service quality could be satisfied for the quarantined people who were willing to pay for the services, and service operation could be maintained for the hotels to help them survive over the pandemic Tang et al. Local governments will consider authorizing the hotels and resorts that have met the necessary health and sanitation standards required to be quarantine centers.
When people arrived at the airport, they were asked for a declaration of health and a medical check; afterwards, before transferring them to quarantine centers, they would be asked if they wished for quarantine with service fees. People who wished to pay for the services would be looked after well by both the service staff of the hotel and also with the cooperation of the local government. For instance, regular security checks were made throughout the day and night by the local police, and guidance was given in operating qualified quarantine by local medical centers.
The hotels and resorts which offered to be quarantine centers had to be transparent about their service fees, ensuring that they had the healthcare service quality, hygiene, and the related services that were required by the government Tang et al. The quarantined people could register for these hotel services, and the service fees could be paid online. Rooms and facilities were strictly required to be sterilized, located closely to social areas in the hotels such as kitchens, dining rooms, staff rooms, and so on.
Beds had to be kept two meters apart from each other with no air conditioning in a spacious room, and a comfortable ambiance had to be ensured. Service staff had to be well trained to ensure the effectiveness of both the healthcare and hospitality services.
The hotels had to keep monitoring via CCTV, recording, and then keep reporting to ensure that daily updates were sent to local healthcare government HanoiTimes Given that the outbreak of Covid and the remedies created to prevent transmission, such as travel restrictions and social distancing, have created severe challenges for the hotel industry, a response strategy has become the most important topic for the hospitality organizations.
Although the Covid pandemic has been delivering its negative impacts for nearly a year, there is still a scarcity of effective response strategies for the hospitality industry. The main purpose of these strategies is help hotel organizations continue their operation to survive in the market.
If they fail to offer the alternative services to customers, retain employees, the implications may lead to their collapse. Finally, other fundamental concepts such as collaboration network, value network, value co-creation, and resource integration are essential for accessing changes in hospitality services.
This aspect is crucial because the case hotel in this study is set up as a quarantine service center, which not only helps this hotel to have a stable source of income from people in quarantine, but also supports the authority to respond to the shortage of facilities, service staff, and accommodation for quarantine.
As a result, we believe that S-D logic is eminently appropriate to provide the background and framework for this response strategy made by our case hotel organization. A large and growing body of case-based research has explored how hotels have responded to the crisis in a particular context e.
Although the use of a single-case study makes it harder to generalize, it offers empirically rich, holistic features of how a case hotel successfully responded to the COVID crisis, facilitating the relevance of broader research.
A critical case was defined. In Flyvbjerg , p. Our intention for the case hotel selection adopted a similar idea, and there are three fundamental determinants that facilitated the crisis response for the COVID pandemic in Viehost. First, leaders of Viehost initiated and actively supported the establishment of hospitality services for paid quarantine guests.
Hence, the Vietnamese government called for support from private sectors to share this burden with the government, and Viehost is one of seven hotels that has been initially selected for developing the paid quarantine service. Finally, the conditions of the facilities in institutional quarantine places cannot satisfy the needs of tourists and foreigners, who prefer to be quarantined in places with good facilities. Since the Viehost hotel is located in the suburbs of Ho Chi Minh City, the biggest city in Vietnam, and it is just 40 km from the international airport with good hospitality facilities, it can be easily tracked and monitored by the local government.
Fields were defined by Bourdieu and Nice , p. The economic capital, such as organizational resources and time, may be directly transformed into advantages and can be formalized as facilities or rights of ownership.
The cultural capital, in itself, has considerable breadth in regard to the various forms in which power comes from such factors as, for example, the time-assimilated knowledge, academic qualification, and intellectual property. In Bourdieu , p. In the words of Bourdieu , capitals are dynamic capabilities in a specific social environment. Put differently, the use of capital represents how an organization prioritizes resources and intellectual connections over time.
Bourdieu , p. Viehost is located in the suburbs of Ho Chi Minh city, the biggest city in Vietnam; it is 40 km from the international airport, and its location is easily tracked and monitored by the local government.
The hotel has rooms in three buildings and a full range of amenities, including a restaurant and a coffee shop in each building. The hotel employed around full-time staff members in January In February , when Wuhan was put into lockdown, and case numbers in China increased to around 80, by mid-February European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control , the Vietnamese government recommended travel restrictions for foreign visitors, especially those arriving from China.
In terms of the human labor force required to run the hotel, the number of full-time employees dropped from to just 56 in March Since the first COVID case was confirmed in Vietnam on 23rd January , leaders of Viehost prepared a response plan as well as contacting the local government for support. In early March, the plan for preparing a paid quarantine service was promoted by the Vietnamese government and Viehost began to prepare a proposal and submit it to become one of first hotels to pilot this service.
In the third week of March, Viehost was one of eight hotels in Vietnam that was allowed to introduce paid quarantine service beside the current response strategies that were already being practiced in Viehost. As soon as their proposal was accepted, Viehost immediately contacted suppliers, business partners, and the local government to ensure that the required resources were ready for them to develop the paid quarantine service.
Data were gathered from hotel leaders and managers, i. Interviews with leaders and senior managers of Viehost were used in the collection of data. In the case of Viehost, research participants included both leaders and other managers from a variety of divisions of Viehost in order to provide multi-layered perspectives from intra-organization.
NVivo10 software was used to transcribe and code the interviews for developing main themes and sub-themes. Although the open-coding approaches associated the subjectivity of coders, the utilities of several in-depth semi-structured interviews from a case hotel allowed researchers to compare different perspectives on the same field Bryman There was no pre-stated quota of sample size for the investigation.
All of the interviews were audio-recorded and paraphrased with the acceptance of the interviewees, and this information was turned into transcripts. In order to deal with the problems of subjectivity in interpretation and a biased member check, feedback was utilized for verifying the credibility of the information.
Access to a participating hotel was granted on the understanding that the research results would be published anonymously.
There is no doubt that COVID has created a crisis in multiple areas for the Vietnam hotel industry in general, and for our case in particular. However, the paid quarantine approach alongside other response strategies can be perceived as the salvage in this crisis period which can even open up future business opportunities.
For quarantine preparation, Viehost committed itself to the role and responsibilities of ensuring health and safety for both its customers and its staff. Before the first guests began to be imposed to quarantine in the Viehost, this hotel was conscious of ensuring the health and safety for all of its customers and staff.
The hotel cleaned all of the rooms used for guests, as well as all other areas. The GDPM required Viehost to increase the frequency of its cleaning and to use sanitizing chemicals once a day in public areas and two to three times a day in areas used for quarantined guests. In addition, other medical and sanitation procedures were required by GDPM such as using plastic to cover the buttons in the elevators, cleaning fans in lifts, the steaming of all mattresses and carpets in the hotels.
But what was happening inside those massage rooms was not a massage — it was sexual abuse. Calling it a massage was a ruse, a ruse designed to get young girls to touch Epstein, an excuse for Epstein to touch the girls. The handbook also insisted on discretion about the privacy of Epstein, Maxwell and their guests, as detailed on Page If the caller is insistent, you simply ask to take: a message, a time and a number, where the caller can be reached.
Do not be bullied and do not show any reaction or impatience, simply be firm. Prosecutors alleged that the handbook and various rules were used to establish a climate of silence and secrecy. Alessi said as much when Maureen Comey, an assistant U. Alessi, when Ms. Maxwell gave you this booklet, what did you understand this rule to mean?
Most of the pages, they were just unbelievable to me. Krot told the man. Angela Simmons caught fans by surprise on Jan. In the Instagram post, the year-old […]. The city council has […]. The former couple announced their separation after 16 years together. The ophthalmic part of the trigeminal nerve supplies sensation to the cornea, ciliary body, lachrymal glands, conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, and the skin of the nose, eyelid, and forehead.
The maxillary part of the trigeminal nerve innervates the middle third of the face, the side of the nose, the lower eyelid, and upper teeth. The mandibular part of the trigeminal nerve supplies sensation to the lower third of the face, the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the oral mucosa of the mouth, and the lower teeth.
Infections and some malignancies e. One-third of patients with intracavernous carotid aneurysms have trigeminal sensory ganglion manifestations because of the close approximations of these structures.
Also, an expanding pituitary adenoma also can spread laterally through the cavernous sinus to secondarily cause a mass effect on the trigeminal sensory ganglion. Root entry zone. The sensory part of the trigeminal nerve just as it enters the pons is called the root entry zone. At this level, vascular anomalies, such as arteriovenous malformations and tumors, and inflammatory or infectious conditions, such as sarcoidosis, viral encephalitis, herpes, and Lyme disease, can affect cranial nerve V.
Spinal sensory trigeminal tract. All tracts from the sensory trigeminal ganglion project to nuclei in the brainstem. In the brainstem, the sensory part of the trigeminal nerve ganglion has three nuclei. The fibers of one of them spinal sensory carry pain and temperature sensation from the face. The spinal sensory trigeminal tract extends into the cervical cord. This explains why some patients with upper cervical disc herniation or occlusion of the vertebral artery can present with trigeminal sensory neuropathy.
Multiple sclerosis, glioma, and infarction are the most common cervical cord or brainstem lesions that cause trigeminal symptoms.
The rare patient has developed herpes encephalitis from a retrograde extension of a herpes simplex infection from the trigeminal nerve ganglion to the brainstem. Normally, there should be no jaw tremor, involuntary chewing, or trismus clenching of teeth. Motor division. The patient should be able to symmetrically and tightly clench the teeth, and the mandible should be midline.
If there is motor weakness, the jaw will deviate to the weak side and central median incisors will not be aligned. Increased symmetrical closure rate reflects an upper motor neuron lesion in the same way that hyperactivity of other muscle stretch reflexes suggests an upper motor neuron lesion. The patient should be able to feel the touch of a sterile sharp object on the oral mucosa, jaw, cheek, and forehead. To test the corneal reflex, the cornea of one eye is touched with a cotton wisp, and normally there should be a bilateral blinking response.
Tactile insensitivity that splits the midline and also bilaterally asymmetric vibratory sensation are often considered psychogenic or hysterical signs, but the evidence does not support this. Facial motor activity is often abnormal in neuropsychiatric conditions. Facial movements that are impaired on command but intact during spontaneous expressive movement reflect pyramidal tract pathology, while the opposite dissociation can reflect pathology in several other cortical and subcortical systems.
Subtle facial asymmetry is common without demonstrable pathology. Facial asymmetry or other signs of facial motor weakness are seen in 3 to 5 percent of patients with schizophrenia, compared with less than one percent of healthy people. Pain behind the ear may precede paralysis by 24 to 48 hours. There can be a transient up to two weeks loss of the sensation of taste. One side of the face becomes paralyzed for both voluntary and involuntary movement , and the forehead is affected as much as the lower face.
Incomplete paralysis in the first week is the most favorable prognostic sign. At the age of 17 he attempted suicide and was hospitalized. Other disorders that affect the motor functioning of cranial nerve VII include tumors that invade the temporal bone, fracture of the temporal bone, Ramsay-Hunt syndrome which is herpes zoster of the geniculate gangion that presents with severe facial palsy associated with a vesicular eruption in the external auditory canal , acoustic neuromas, and dilatations of the basilar artery from aneurysms, leprosy, and infectious mononucleosis.
Infectious mononucleosis can present with multiple or single cranial palsies of acute onset, with bilateral facial paralysis being the most common combination.
Also, some elderly patients develop an involuntary recurrent spasm of both eyelids as an isolated phenomenon. Differential diagnosis. Facial hemiatrophy occasionally presents with an associated severe facial pain caused by displacement of the trigeminal sensory nerves resulting in trigeminal neuralgia cranial nerve V.
Facial hemiatrophy is actually a form of lipodystrophy. The emotional impact of facial deformities. Patients who possess or believe they possess facial deformities are often severely impacted. It was the pain from that, from feeling ugly, that I always viewed as the great tragedy of my life.
The fact that I had cancer seemed minor in comparison. Relationship to the ear. Because of its close approximation to the temporal bone, the peripheral part of the facial nerve VII is involved in many conditions that affect that bone, which often also affect the ear.
These conditions include congenital anomalies, degenerative disorders, infections, and neoplasms. Embryologic development. The facial nerve develops embryologically from tissue that also gives rise to the acoustic nerve cranial nerve VIII. Since it leaves the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction near the acoustic nerve cranial nerve VIII , a vestibular schwannoma can affect the facial nerve as well as the acoustic nerve.
The motor division of the facial nerve develops embryologically near the middle ear and eventually elongates and travels through a canal in the temporal bone near the structures of the ear.
Incomplete development of this canal may contribute to the facial palsies sometimes associated with otitis media. The sensory fibers of the facial nerve nervus intermedius , which respond to taste, also have their cell bodies in a sensory ganglion located near the inner ear. Cranial nerve VII originates in four nuclei in the pons and medulla.
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